How this works
Two chemicals in a dish
One substance is fed in from outside at a steady rate. The second converts the first into more of itself and is slowly removed. Both spread outward, but the feeder spreads about twice as fast. That imbalance is the entire trick — it turns an even mixture into spots, stripes and branching growth. Alan Turing proposed the mechanism in 1952 to explain animal markings; this is the Gray-Scott version of it.
Feed and kill
Feed sets how fast fresh material arrives, kill how fast the product is removed. Between them they decide the entire character of the pattern, and they are far more sensitive than they look. A shift of 0.001 in kill can turn a stable maze into spots that divide forever.
What the map actually tells you
The shaded region marks where an even mixture can settle into something other than blank. It is worth reading as a guide rather than a boundary: several of the most interesting regimes sit just outside it, and self-replicating spots do so precisely because there is no settled state for them to fall into, which is why they keep dividing. What the edge really predicts is fragility. Near it and beyond it a seed can just as easily fade to nothing, so if the screen goes flat, move further in.
Knowing when it is finished
Three things can happen. Some settings genuinely converge — growth fills the frame and then stops changing. Some only appear to: the pattern is complete, but defects where differently oriented domains meet anneal so slowly that they never resolve. And some never finish at all, with spots dividing and waves travelling indefinitely. The step counter under the image is the honest answer; watch whether the picture is still moving.
Longer is not better
Growth is usually more interesting than the settled state. Coral looks best while the front is still sweeping across the frame, not after it has filled every corner. Pause wherever it looks right — the same seed, chemistry and step count will reproduce that exact image again.
The edges wrap
Left meets right and top meets bottom, so patterns grow across the boundary instead of stopping at it. Every image you export tiles seamlessly.